Self-instructional microlearning modules for adults in demanding contexts: a systematic review
Keywords:
Adult education, individualized instruction, educational technology, teaching materials, basic education, (UNESCO Thesaurus)
Abstract
This study analyzed the effectiveness of self-instructional modules combined with microlearning for adults in high-demand educational and work contexts, and assessed their applicability to military students at an Alternative Basic Education Center (CEBA). A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 in PubMed, ERIC and OpenAlex, covering studies from 2015 to 2025 published in journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science or SciELO. Of 316 unique records, 36 studies were included. The evidence showed frequent improvements in knowledge, self-efficacy, motivation and satisfaction; two military studies supported the feasibility of brief, mobile and self-regulated access. Methodological heterogeneity, the predominance of short-term outcomes and the scarcity of studies in adult basic education limit generalization. The model is promising as a complement to teaching when it combines short sequences, practice, feedback, offline access and teacher support.
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References
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Aouad, P., Janssen, A., Corry, S., Spielman, K., Gonzalez-Arce, V., Bryant, E., Simeone, R., Shaw, T., & Maguire, S. (2024). Educating primary care physicians about eating disorders: pilot data from a microlearning programme. European Eating Disorders Review, 32(4), pp. 687-699. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.3074
Capustin, M., Weintraub, S., Hsieh, J. C., Alboucai, J., Antara, F., & Friedman, K. (2025). A novel microlearning asynchronous curriculum to improve internal medicine trainees' confidence and skill in interpreting ECGs. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 12, 23821205251358038. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205251358038
Chisholm, B. S., Mapahla, L., Lombard, C., Blockman, M., & Orrell, C. (2025a). Effectiveness and uptake of WhatsApp-based HIV microlearning for healthcare workers in remote South African clinics: a pragmatic, mixed-methods, cluster-randomised trial. Nurse Education in Practice, 86, 104326. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104326
Chisholm, B. S., Wallace, M. L., Blockman, M., & Orrell, C. (2025b). "WhatsApp is best!" Acceptability and feasibility of WhatsApp-based HIV microlearning for healthcare workers in remote South African clinics: a pragmatic, mixed-methods, cluster-randomised trial. Nurse Education in Practice, 86, 104407. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104407
Craig, S. D., Siegle, R. F., Li, S., Cooper, N.-R., Liu, Y., & Roscoe, R. D. (2022). An investigation of the PERvasive Learning Systems impact on soldiers' self-efficacy for self-regulation skills. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 66(1), pp. 742-746. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661491
De Gagne, J. C., Park, H. K., Hall, K., Woodward, A., Yamane, S., & Kim, S. S. (2019). Microlearning in health professions education: scoping review. JMIR Medical Education, 5(2), e13997. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2196/13997
Denojean-Mairet, M., López-Pernas, S., Agbo, F. J., & Tedre, M. (2024). A literature review on the integration of microlearning and social media. Smart Learning Environments, 11, 46. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00334-5
Dhanani, Z., Dronamraju, V., & Garfield, J. (2025). Text message (SMS) microlearning for tobacco use disorder: pre-post pilot study of clinician confidence. JMIR Medical Education, 11, e73821. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2196/73821
Dolowitz, A., Collier, J., Hayes, A., & Kumsal, C. (2023). Iterative design and integration of a microlearning mobile app for performance improvement and support for NATO employees. TechTrends, 67(1), pp. 143-149. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00781-2
Fidan, M. (2023). The effects of microlearning-supported flipped classroom on pre-service teachers' learning performance, motivation and engagement. Education and Information Technologies, 28(10), pp. 12687-12714. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11639-2
Fuladvandi, M., Hasanvand, S., Ghazi, S., Abdi, M., & Sarlak, E. (2025). Enhancing clinical competence of nursing students through the integration of microlearning and spaced learning: an action research study. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 39, 42. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.42
Gannon, W. D., Stokes, J. W., Pugh, M. E., Bacchetta, M., Benson, C., Casey, J. D., Craig, L., Semler, M. W., Shah, A. S., Troutt, A., & Rice, T. W. (2022). Simulation versus interactive mobile learning for teaching extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to clinicians: a randomized trial. Critical Care Medicine, 50(5), pp. e415-e425. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005376
Gerbaudo, R., Gaspar, R., & Gonçalves Lins, R. (2021). Novel online video model for learning information technology based on micro learning and multimedia micro content. Education and Information Technologies, 26(5), pp. 5637-5665. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10537-9
Haghighat, H., Shiri, M., Esmaeili Abdar, M., Taher Harikandee, S. S., & Tayebi, Z. (2023). The effect of micro-learning on trauma care knowledge and learning satisfaction in nursing students. BMC Medical Education, 23, 622. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04609-2
HajiAbad, F. A., Keshmiri, F., Jabinian, F., & Shiryazdi, S. M. (2025). Micro-learning and Mindtools in mobile-learning: effects on knowledge and self-efficacy in laparoscopy education for surgical nursing students. BMC Nursing, 24(1), 202. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-02841-3
Hong, Q. N., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O'Cathain, A., Rousseau, M.-C., Vedel, I., & Pluye, P. (2018). The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Education for Information, 34(4), pp. 285-291. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-180221
Jahnke, I., Lee, Y. M., Pham, M., He, H., & Austin, L. (2020). Unpacking the inherent design principles of mobile microlearning. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 25(3), pp. 585-619. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-019-09413-w
Janssen, A., Shah, K., Rabbets, M., Nagrial, A., Pene, C., Zachulski, C., Phillips, J. L., Harnett, P., & Shaw, T. (2023). Feasibility of microlearning for improving the self-efficacy of cancer patients managing side effects of chemotherapy. Journal of Cancer Education, 38(5), pp. 1697-1709. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-023-02324-6
Joynes, V., & Fuller, R. (2016). Legitimisation, personalisation and maturation: using the experiences of a compulsory mobile curriculum to reconceptualise mobile learning. Medical Teacher, 38(6), pp. 621-627. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2015.1075651
Kim, A. R., Park, A. Y., Song, S., Hong, J. H., & Kim, K. (2024). A microlearning-based self-directed learning chatbot on medication administration for new nurses: a feasibility study. Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 42(5), pp. 343-353. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000001119
Lee, Y. M., Jahnke, I., & Austin, L. (2021). Mobile microlearning design and effects on learning efficacy and learner experience. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(2), pp. 885-915. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09931-w
Lehrer, B. J., Xu, M., Deitte, L. A., Banerjee, R., & Katz, S. E. (2025). It's QuizTime! The impact of web-based microlearning quizzes on guideline-concordant antibiotic duration for pediatric acute otitis media. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology, 5(1), e295. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/ash.2025.10160
Luo, H., & Li, W. (2025). Impact of microlearning on developing soft skills of university students across disciplines. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1491265. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1491265
Matsumoto, H., Hagiwara, Y., Yamamoto-Mitani, N., & Igarashi, A. (2023). A randomized control trial for ReDeSign: a dementia-friendly mobile microlearning training for store workers in Japan. The Gerontologist, 63(8), pp. 1300-1310. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnac182
Michlmayr, N., Mitofsky, J., Haverkamp, N., Wittek, A., Plöger, R., Walter, A., Strizek, B., & Recker, F. (2025). Design and implementation of a microlearning-based OSCE preparatory curriculum in obstetrics: a pilot study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 312(5), pp. 1599-1604. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-025-08157-6
Mollaei, A., Tabari-Khomeiran, R., Maroufizadeh, S., & SedghiSabet, M. (2024). Adoption of quick response codes as a digital microlearning tool among clinical nurses: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Medical Education, 24, 1266. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06278-1
Monib, W. K., Qazi, A., & Apong, R. A. (2025). Microlearning beyond boundaries: a systematic review and a novel framework for improving learning outcomes. Heliyon, 11(2), e41413. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41413
Moore, R. L., Hwang, W., & Moses, J. D. (2024). A systematic review of mobile-based microlearning in adult learner contexts. Educational Technology & Society, 27(1), pp. 137-146. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202401_27(1).SP02
Murtha, T. D., Geneslaw, A. S., Scott Baird, J., & Wilson, P. T. (2024). Development and implementation of a microlearning curriculum of physiology formulas for postgraduate clinical fellows in pediatric critical care medicine. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 11, 23821205241269370. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205241269370
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Published
2026-07-01
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